Fact Sheet: State Alternatives to Abortion Funding

Originally published on June 28, 2022, this paper was updated on October 13, 2023, February 25, 2025, and December 18, 2025.

OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY

• As of December 2025, 19 states had authorized some form of alternatives to abortion (A2A) funding for life-affirming Pregnancy Help Organizations (PHOs), which typically include pregnancy centers, adoption agencies, maternity homes, and/or life-affirming social service agencies.^[1] These states include Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

• Two states, Kansas and Utah,^[2] operate more than one program.

• Twelve states use one or more contract agencies to assist in distributing funds or managing the state’s program. (See below for more detail.)

• Six states distribute a portion of their TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) funding to PHOs. These states include Indiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Louisiana, Ohio, and Utah.

• One state, North Carolina, funds its A2A program through the federal Title V Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant, which was enacted through the Social Security Act of 1935.[3]

• Missouri has a non-TANF budget appropriation of $550,000 in the current fiscal year for raising awareness of Missouri’s Alternatives to Abortion Program. These funds are used by the state to support the work of PHOs and are not distributed directly to PHOs.[4]

MANAGEMENT OF FUNDS

Management of funds varies from state to state. Some states engage one or more “management agencies” to administer their program. Others use their own state employees to administer the funds and work directly with PHO grantees.

While the degree of responsibility placed on an agency varies from state to state, typically the agency is charged with receiving and distributing funds and selecting its subgrantees. They may also be allowed to set standards for operations, impose criteria for using funds, establish invoicing procedures, and conduct training or audits.

As of December 2025, a total of 12 states use, or are authorized to use, one or more agencies to administer/manage funding. These states are Florida,[5] Georgia,^[6] Indiana,[7] Iowa,[8] Kansas,[9] Louisiana,[10] Missouri,[11] Nebraska,[12] North Carolina,[13] Texas,[14] Utah,[15] and West Virginia.[16]

All remaining states that provide funding—Arkansas, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin—work directly with PHO grantees.

TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES IN A2A FUNDING

States that extend funding to pro-life providers sometimes do so under their Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program. TANF is a block grant program, created by Congress in 1996 through the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act,^[17] which provides a combined total of $16.5 billion each year to states.[18] Such monies are not limited to PHO funding but are used to fund a variety of state programs. States are permitted to use federal TANF funds to support their own programs but are required to subsidize the programs with their own state dollars, a requirement known as “Maintenance of Effort” (MOE). Collectively, states spent approximately $15 billion in MOEs in 2024, not limited to PHOs.[19]

STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARY OF DIRECT STATE FUNDING

Arkansas

• Name of Program: Pregnancy Resource Center Grant[20]
• Funding Amount: $2 million (FY25)[21]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Special appropriation from general budget[22]

Florida

• Name of Program: Florida Pregnancy Support Services Program^[23]
• Funding Amount: $29.5 million (FY25)^[24]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Special appropriation from general budget^[25]

Georgia

• Name of Program: Positive Alternatives for Pregnancy and Parenting Grant Program^[26]
• Funding Amount: $2,241,255.54 (FY25)^[27](amount spent)
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No.

Indiana

• Name of Program: Indiana Pregnancy and Parenting Support Services Program^[28]
• Funding Amount: $4 million (FY25)^[29]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: Yes.^[30]

Iowa

• Name of Program: More Options for Maternal Support (MOMS) Program^[31]
• Funding Amount: $1 million (FY25)^[32]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No.^[33]

Kansas

• Programs:

• • Program 1: Pregnancy Maintenance Initiative (PMI)^[34]
    • Funding Amount: $253,684 (FY25)^[35]
    • State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Kansas provides a direct funding allocation by statute.^[36]
• • Program 2: Pregnancy Compassion Program^[37]
    • Funding Amount: $3,000,000 (FY25)^[38]
    • State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Kansas provides a direct funding allocation by statute.^[39]

Louisiana

• Name of Program: Louisiana Pregnancy and Baby Care Initiative^[40]
• Funding Amount: $4,000,000^[41] (FY26)
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: Yes.^[42]

Missouri

• Name of Programs: Missouri provides funding in two ways: the Alternatives to Abortion Public Awareness Program (AAPAP),^[43] a special appropriation funded by statute; and the Alternatives to Abortion Services Program (AASP).

• • AAPAP Funding Amount: $550,000 (FY26)^[44]
  • AASP Funding Amount: $12,383,561 (FY26)^[45]
  • State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: Yes, as part of the AASP grant.^[46]

Nebraska

• Name of Program: Crisis Pregnancy Program^[47]
• Funding Amount: $2,367,799 (FY25)^[48]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: Yes.^[49]

North Carolina

• Name of Program: Carolina Pregnancy Care Fellowship grant.^[50]
• Funding Amount: $6,250,000 (FY25)^[51]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No.^[52]

North Dakota

• Name of Program: Alternatives-to-Abortion Program^[53]
• Funding Amount: $1,000,000 (biennium 2023-25)^[54]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Allocation from General funds of ND Treasury.^[55]

Ohio

• Name of Program: Ohio Parenting and Pregnancy Program^[56]
• Funding Amount: $10,000,000 (biennium 2025-27)^[57]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: Yes.^[58]

Oklahoma

• Name of Program: Choosing Childbirth Program^[59]
• Funding Amount: $18,000,000 (FY25)^[60]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Law designed to fund through legislative appropriations.^[61]

South Carolina

• Name of Program: Pregnancy Crisis Centers^[62]
• Funding Amount: $3,000,000 (FY25)^[63]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Funding is through general appropriations.^[64]

Tennessee

• Name of Program: Crisis Pregnancy Provider Support Grants^[65]
• Funding Amount: $20,000,000 (FY24)^[66]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Funded by the Department of Finance and Administration.^[67]

Texas

• Name of Program: Thriving Texas Families Program^[68]
• Funding Amount: $140,000,000 ($70 million each for FY24 & FY25)^[69]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Funded through general appropriations under the Texas Health and Human Service Program.^[70]

Utah

• Name of Programs and Funding Amounts:^[71]

• • Prolife Utah Support Life Program: $200,000^[72] (FY24 & FY25)
  • Utah Pregnancy Resource Center Support Life Program: $200,000^[73] (FY24 & FY25)
  • S.B. 147 “Adoption Revisions”: $245,000^[74] (FY24 & FY25)

• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: Yes, for part of the Utah Pregnancy Resource Center Support Life Program.^[75]

West Virginia

• Name of Program: Pregnancy Counseling Program: Mothers and Babies Pregnancy Support Program^[76]
• Funding Amount: $3,000,000^[77] (FY26)
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No. Funded by statutory allocation.^[78]

Wisconsin

• Name of Program: Pregnancy Counseling Services^[79]
• Funding Amount: $69,100 (FY24 and FY25)^[80]
• State Uses TANF funding for PHOs?: No.^[81]

[1] For definitions of these types of PHO, see Charlotte Lozier Institute, “Fact Sheet: What Are Pregnancy Help Organizations? (PHOs),” Charlotte Lozier Institute, May 18, 2021, https://lozierinstitute.org/fact-sheet-what-are-pregnancy-help-organizations-phos/.

[2] While Missouri has two programs related to alternatives to abortion, only one provides funding to PHOs. Its Alternatives to Abortion Public Awareness Program provides funding for departments to advertise its Alternatives to Abortion Services Program, which funds PHOs. See “Alternatives to Abortion,” Missouri Department of Social Services, accessed November 12, 2025, https://dss.mo.gov/fsd/a2a/; Missouri House of Representatives (2025). Senate Substitute for Senate Committee Substitute for House Committee Substitute for House Bill No. 11 (0011S.05F), p. 36, https://documents.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills251/hlrbillspdf/0011S.05F.pdf. For more information, see the state-by-state summaries below.

[3] “Legislative History – Social Security Act of 1935,” Social Security, accessed November 12, 2025, https://www.ssa.gov/history/35act.html.

[4] Missouri House of Representatives. (2025). Senate Substitute for Senate Committee Substitute for House Committee Substitute for House Bill No. 11 (0011S.05F), p. 36, https://documents.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills251/hlrbillspdf/0011S.05F.pdf.

[5] Pregnancy and Parenting Support, S.B. 300, 2023 Reg. Sess. (Fla. 2023). https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2023/300/BillText/Filed, Line 128, Subsection “(2) Department Duties.”

[6] Georgia Code § 31-2A-33 (2024). Administration and duties, Positive Alternatives for Pregnancy and Parenting Grant Program. Retrieved December 1, 2025, from https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-31/chapter-2a/article-2/section-31-2a-33/.

[7] Indiana Department of Administration. (n.d.). [Contract number 59643-000]. Retrieved December 1, 2025, from https://contracts.idoa.in.gov/idoacontractsweb/PUBLIC/0000000000000000000059643-000.pdf.

[8] While the applicable law, SF 2381 (https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGI/89/SF2381.pdf), directs Iowa to use a management agency, the IA Department of Health and Human Services has been unable to locate one. See “Capitol Notebook: Iowa Again Fails to Find Administrator for Crisis Pregnancy Centers,” State Government, The Gazette, November 9, 2023, https://www.thegazette.com/state-government/capitol-notebook-iowa-again-fails-to-find-administrator-for-crisis-pregnancy-centers/.

[9] For its Pregnancy Compassion Awareness Program, but not for the Pregnancy Maintenance Initiative.

[10] Under the applicable Louisiana statute, the Department of Children and Family Services is required to contract with a single nonprofit general contractor which in turn subcontracts with pregnancy centers, adoption agencies, maternity homes, and other service organizations. See Senate Bill No. 278, Louisiana Senate 2024 Regular Session (2024), https://legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1377738&.

[11] For its Alternatives to Abortion Services Program, but not for its Alternatives to Abortion Public Awareness Program. Missouri Revised Statutes § 188.325, Program established, services provided—matching moneys to be sought—moneys not to be used for abortions or abortion services (2024). Justia. Retrieved December 12, 2025, from https://law.justia.com/codes/missouri/title-xii/chapter-188/section-188-325/.

[12] Nebraska Department of Health & Human Services. (2024, November 12). [Report regarding 852] (p. 4). Retrieved December 1, 2025, from https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/108/PDF/Agencies/Health_and_Human_Services__Department_of/852_20241112-152301.pdf.

[13] North Carolina General Assembly. (2023). Session Law 2023-134, § 9H.11(a). https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/SessionLaws/HTML/2023-2024/SL2023-134.html. Retrieved December 1, 2025.

[14] Thriving Texas Families Program, Tex. Health & Safety Code § 54.002(c) (2023). https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/HS/htm/HS.54.htm.

[15] Utah uses a management agency for one of its three programs, the Prolife Utah Support Life Program, which is managed by Pro-Life Utah. See Utah State Legislature. (n.d.). Prolife Utah Support Life Program (Issue 22458). COBI. Retrieved December 12, 2025, from https://cobi.utah.gov/2024/3587/issues/22458.

[16] West Virginia Code § 16-66-3 (2025). https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-66/.

[17] U.S. Congress. (n.d.). H.R. 3734 — Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/house-bill/3734.

[18] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2024, September 23). To strengthen economic security and advance equity, states should invest more TANF dollars in basic assistance. https://www.cbpp.org/research/income-security/to-strengthen-economic-security-and-advance-equity-states-should-invest-0.

[19] United States Government Accountability Office. (2024, September 24). Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Preliminary observations on state budget decisions, single audit findings, and fraud risks (GAO-24-107798). https://www.gao.gov/assets/880/872093.pdf.

[20] Arkansas Department of Finance & Administration, Office of Intergovernmental Services. Pregnancy Resource Center Grant. Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/intergovernmental-services/grant-programs/pregnancy-resource-center-grant/.

[21] LegiScan. Senate Bill 64 (Arkansas). Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://legiscan.com/AR/text/SB64/id/2989772.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Florida Pregnancy Support Services. (n.d.). Florida Pregnancy Support Services: Free testing & 24/7 helpline. Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://floridapregnancysupport.com/, and Florida Senate. (2023, March 30). House of Representatives staff analysis: CS/HB 7, Pregnancy and Parenting Support (Storage Name: h0007c.HHS). https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2023/7/Analyses/h0007c.HHS.PDF.

[24] Florida Senate. (2024). HB 5001: 2024–2025 General Appropriations. Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/5001/BillText/er/PDF (see p. 120).

[25] Ibid.

[26] Georgia Code. (n.d.). § 31-2a-32. In Title 31 – Health (Chapter 2A, Article 2). Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-31/chapter-2a/article-2/section-31-2a-32/.

[27] Georgia Department of Public Health. (2025). O.C.G.A. § 31-2A-31 Positive Alternatives for Pregnancy and Parenting Grant Program annual report (FY 2025). https://dph.georgia.gov/document/document/lrg-ocgass-31-2a-31-annual-report/download.

[28] Real Alternatives. (2024, July). Indiana Pregnancy & Parenting Support Services Program: Data. https://www.realalternatives.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024.07-IN-Data.pdf.

[29] Indiana General Assembly. (2023). House Bill 1001: State budget (Enrolled version) (p. 56). LegiScan. Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://legiscan.com/IN/text/HB1001/id/2794292, under “Real Alternatives.”

[30] Real Alternatives. (2024, July). Indiana data [PDF]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://www.realalternatives.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024.07-IN-Data.pdf (p. 1, “Programs at a Glance”).

[31] Iowa Legislature. (n.d.). Senate File 2381. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGI/89/SF2381.pdf.

[32] Ibid. and Iowa Legislature. (2025, October 1). Annual report for the More Options for Maternal Support program, p. 5. https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/DF/1543851.pdf.

[33] Ibid.

[34] Kansas Department of Health and Environment. (n.d.). K.S.A. 65-1,159a: Senator Stan Clark Pregnancy Maintenance Initiative Program [PDF]. Retrieved November 4, 2025, from https://www.kdhe.ks.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5346/KSA-65-1159a-PMI-Law-PDF.

[35] Kansas Legislative Research Department. (2025, June 30). Kansas Department of Health and Environment – Health: Budget Committee Report (p. 3). Retrieved December 16, 2025, from https://kslegislature.gov/li/research/appropriations/agencies/agency_reports/subcommittee/2025/agen_kdhe_health_1_2025_budget_cmte_report.pdf.

[36] Kansas Office of the Revisor of Statutes. (n.d.). 65-1,159a – Senator Stan Clark pregnancy maintenance initiative program; objectives; grants; annual report to legislature [Statute]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch65/065_001_0159a.html.

[37] Kansas Legislature. (2024). House Bill 2789: An act concerning abortion; establishing the pregnancy compassion program and public awareness program [PDF]. Retrieved from https://www.kslegislature.gov/li_2024/b2023_24/measures/documents/hb2789_00_0000.pdf.

[38] While the initial $3,000,000 allocation was line-item-vetoed by Gov. Laura Kelly, the Kansas Legislature overrode the veto, restoring the $3,000,000 to the Program. See Carpenter, T. (2025, April 11). On reflection, Kansas House reverses course to override governor on 15 budget vetoes. Kansas Reflector. Retrieved November 4, 2025, from https://kansasreflector.com/2025/04/11/on-reflection-kansas-house-reverses-course-to-override-governor-on-15-budget-vetoes/.

[39] Kansas Legislature. (2025). Senate Bill No. 125 (Enrolled) [PDF], p. 31. Retrieved from https://www.kslegislature.gov/li/b2025_26/measures/documents/sb125_enrolled.pdf.

[40] Louisiana Legislature. (2024). Senate Bill 278: Louisiana Pregnancy and Baby Care Initiative (Enrolled). Retrieved from https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1377738.

[41] Louisiana House of Representatives, House Fiscal Division. (2025, April 8). Department of Children & Family Services: FY 26 Executive Budget Review, p. 9. Retrieved from https://house.louisiana.gov/housefiscal/DOCS_APP_BDGT_MEETINGS/DOCS_AppBudgetMeetings2026/FY%2026%20DCFS.pdf.

[42] Ibid.

[43] Missouri Revised Statutes. (n.d.). Mo. Rev. Stat. § 188.335: Program established, purpose—matching moneys to be sought—moneys not to be used for abortions or abortion services. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://law.justia.com/codes/missouri/2011/titlexii/chapter188/section188335/. Funding to this program does not go to PHOs. Instead, it is used to advertise the services PHOs provide to the states.

[44] Missouri House of Representatives. (2025). House Bill No. 11: 103rd General Assembly — Senate Substitute for Senate Committee Substitute for House Committee Substitute (0011S.05F) [Legislative bill]. https://documents.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills251/hlrbillspdf/0011S.05F.pdf (p. 36).

[45] Ibid, pg. 36.

[46] Ibid. Funding for this program comes from three sources, Missouri’s General Revenue Fund, Department of Social Services Federal Fund, and TANF.

[47] Nebraska Legislature, Legislative Fiscal Office. (2025, January 15). Use of Federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Funds in Nebraska: 2024 TANF report [PDF]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://nebraskalegislature.gov/pdf/reports/fiscal/2024_tanf_report.pdf?utm.

[48] Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. (2025). 2025 TANF expenditures report (p. 1). Retrieved December 16, 2025, from https://dhhs.ne.gov/Documents/2025%20TANF%20Expenditures%20Report.pdf.

[49] Ibid.

[50] North Carolina General Assembly. (2023). House Bill 1033: Taxpayer Accountability / Crisis Pregnancy Centers [PDF]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://www.ncleg.gov/Sessions/2023/Bills/House/PDF/H1033v1.pdf.

[51] Ibid.

[52] Ibid.

[53] LegiScan. (2023). Senate Bill 2129: The alternatives-to-abortion program [Bill text]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://legiscan.com/ND/text/SB2129/2023.

[54] Ibid.

[55] Ibid.

[56] Ohio General Assembly. (n.d.). House Bill 96: Enrolled version [PDF]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/hb96/07_EN/pdf/ (see p. 3018).

[57] Ibid.

[58] Tebben, S. (2022, August 17). DeWine funds more anti-abortion resources, some for adolescent pregnancy. Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2022/08/17/dewine-funds-more-anti-abortion-resources-some-for-adolescent-pregnancy.

[59] Oklahoma. (n.d.). 63 Okl. St. Ann. § 1-740.15. Short title—Choosing Childbirth Act. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://govt.westlaw.com/okjc/Document/NE5CB0210978911E7A0BDF604276717F5?contextData=%28sc.Default%29&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=DocumentItem&viewType=FullText&utm.

[60] Oklahoma Senate Bill 1125, § 83 (2024). LegiScan. Retrieved December 17, 2025, from https://legiscan.com/OK/text/SB1125/2024.

[61] Oklahoma Legislature. (2018). House Bill 1703 (Enrolled version) [PDF]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2017-18%20ENR/hB/HB1703%20ENR.PDF.

[62] South Carolina Legislature. (2024). 2023-2024 Bill H. 5100, Part IA – Ratified Version [Web page]. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess125_2023-2024/appropriations2024/tap1a.htm#s33 (see p. 82).

[63] South Carolina General Assembly. (2024). 2024–2025 General Appropriations Act (Section J020(cc)). Retrieved December 16, 2025, from https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess125_2023-2024/appropriations2024/tap1b.htm.

[64] Ibid.

[65] Tennessee Governor’s Office. (2023, February 6). Gov. Lee delivers 2023 State of the State address — Tennessee: Leading the nation. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://www.tn.gov/governor/news/2023/2/6/gov-lee-delivers-2023-state-of-the-state-address-tennessee–leading-the-nation.htm, pg. 101.

[66] Tennessee Department of Finance and Administration, Office of Criminal Justice Programs. (2024). OCJP FY 2025 strategic plan addendum (see p. 9). https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/finance/ocjp/OCJP%20FY2025%20Strategic%20Plan%20Addendum%20FINAL.pdf. Retrieved December 16, 2025.

[67] Ibid.

[68] ResoundRH. (2025, March). Texas’ Alternatives to Abortion (A2A) Program, 2024. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://resoundrh.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ResoundRH-2024-A2A-1.pdf.

[69] Texas Legislature. (2023). HB 1 (Enrolled) General Appropriations Act. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/pdf/HB00001F.pdf#navpanes=0 (see p. II-36), Listed under “D.1.2 Strategy Alternatives to Abortion.”

[70] Ibid.

[71] Utah operates 3 programs.

[72] Utah State Legislature. (2024). Budget of the State of Utah 2024 – Revised (September) (Report No. 00003198). https://le.utah.gov/interim/2024/pdf/00003198.pdf.

[73] Ibid.

[74] Ibid.

[75] Utah State Legislature, Office of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst. (2024, February 5). Motions for Consideration (Tab: Ad hoc) (p. 3, l. C27). Retrieved November 6, 2025, from https://le.utah.gov/interim/2024/pdf/00001349.pdf.

[76] West Virginia Legislature. (2023). House Bill 2002 (Committee Substitute). Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Text_HTML/2023_SESSIONS/RS/bills/hb2002%20sub.pdf.

[77] West Virginia Legislature. (2025). Senate Bill 537: Establishing WV Mothers and Babies Pregnancy Support Program. Retrieved October 1, 2025, from https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_history.cfm?INPUT=537&year=2025&sessiontype=RS, and see Shelton, A. (2025, June 2). Morrisey signs bills to increase pregnancy support, increase jail time for child abusers. Real WV. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://therealwv.com/2025/06/02/morrisey-signs-bills-to-increase-pregnancy-support-increase-jail-time-for-child-abusers.

[78] Ibid.

[79] State of Wisconsin. (2023). 2023 Wisconsin Act 19 (see p. 74). https://doa.wi.gov/budget/SBO/2023%20Wisconsin%20Act%2019.pdf.
Retrieved December 16, 2025.

[80] State of Wisconsin, Department of Administration. (2023). 2023 Wisconsin Act 19: Executive budget act (biennial budget for fiscal years 2023-24 and 2024-25) (pp. 74, 20.435(1)(eg)) [PDF]. https://doa.wi.gov/budget/SBO/2023%20Wisconsin%20Act%2019.pdf.

[81] Ibid.