This is Issue 37 of the American Reports Series.
Executive Summary
- In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the approval and oversight of drugs, including abortion drugs. However, some entities mail unapproved abortion drugs into the U.S. from various international sources, violating U.S. laws and regulations.
- Unregulated international online pharmacies will ship abortion drugs to all 50 states, and most don’t require prescriptions or consultations before shipping.
- The broad availability of these drugs to all buyers, along with the lack of medical oversight, increases the risk of forced and coerced abortion.
- Community abortion drug networks often provide loose, unmarked pills and place no gestational limit on how late in pregnancy the drugs may be ordered. This raises concerns about the drug quality and increases risks of complications like incomplete abortions.
- To prevent international abortion drug shipments from entering the U.S. and harming American babies and women, federal enforcement is needed.
Introduction
Drug-induced abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol is the most often used abortion method in the United States.[1] In this two-drug regimen, women first take mifepristone to block progesterone, a hormone necessary for sustaining pregnancy. Twenty-four to 48 hours later, mifepristone is followed by misoprostol, which induces contractions to expel the unborn baby and other pregnancy tissue from the uterus.[2] Before a drug may be sold in the U.S., it must undergo FDA review and approval.[3] Furthermore, companies who wish to import FDA-approved drugs into the United States must follow FDA and Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) regulations.[4],[5],[6]
The company or person who gains FDA approval for a drug is its “sponsor” and is responsible for ensuring that the drug meets FDA safety requirements.[7] The FDA has approved mifepristone marketed by three U.S. sponsors: Danco Laboratories, which first introduced the brand-name version of mifepristone, Mifeprex, into the United States; GenBioPro, which markets a generic version of mifepristone; and Evita Solutions, LLC, a new sponsor which also intends to sell a generic.[8] Because mifepristone carries significant risks, the FDA has imposed a “risk evaluation and mitigation strategy,” or REMS, to govern the conditions under which the drug may be sold and dispensed.[9] Under the original REMS, mifepristone could only be dispensed to women in person. However, in 2021, the REMS was modified to remove the in-person dispensing requirement, allowing the drug to be dispensed online and distributed via the mail.[10] Under the current version of the REMS, prescribers must be certified with one of the three sponsors, and orders must be filled by a certified pharmacy, whether brick-and-mortar or online.[11] The FDA does not permit drugs to be marketed in violation of a REMS.[12] In addition to federal laws and regulations, many states have enacted laws related to abortion drugs, including laws prohibiting distribution by mail and requiring that women be provided with a medical examination before the drugs are prescribed.[13]
Although only FDA-approved abortion drugs distributed by the three U.S. sponsors may be legally sold in the U.S., there has long been an international component to the U.S. distribution of abortion drugs, as the drug sponsors often manufacture their products overseas. Additionally, some international sellers make abortion drugs available to U.S. customers, including through unregulated online pharmacies and abortion centers. In 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the removal of an important safeguard that had required mifepristone to be dispensed in person. The removal of the in-person dispensing requirement coincided with a surge in the availability of abortion drugs from international sources.
Determining where a drug is “from” can be difficult. The headquarters of the distributor, the headquarters of the manufacturer, and the actual manufacturing plant may all be in different countries. Definitions vary: United States Customs and Border Protection considers a drug’s country of origin to be the last location where a “substantial transformation” of the product occurred, while the Food and Drug Administration considers the country of origin to be the last location where manufacturing occurred.[14] Drug manufacturers are required to include their address on drug labeling; however, they may use their official business address rather than the location where the drug was actually produced, provided that this would not be misleading to consumers.[15] Abortion drugs may pass through multiple international locations before arriving at their final destination.
To provide an overview of the international component of abortion drugs in the United States, this article will discuss: 1) the manufacturing locations of abortion drugs that are legally distributed by U.S. abortion centers; 2) international abortion centers that mail drugs into the U.S.; 3) international online pharmacies that sell abortion drugs to U.S. customers; and 4) community networks that spread abortion drugs around the country.
Drug Manufacturing Locations of U.S. Drug Sponsors
Little information is available concerning the manufacturing and distribution locations of the U.S. sponsors of mifepristone. Danco Laboratories, the drug sponsor of Mifeprex, is headquartered in New York City.[16] Previously, Danco’s mifepristone was manufactured at a facility in China which received scrutiny after the manufacturer produced faulty chemotherapy drugs at a separate facility.[17] In 2023, Danco reached a settlement to pay the federal government $765,000 after allegedly neglecting to correctly label its imports as sourced from China over the period 2011-2019 as well as failing to pay customs fees, although Danco denied wrongdoing.[18] According to copies of its packaging filed with the National Library of Medicine, Danco’s drugs are now manufactured in Spain.[19] GenBioPro, the sponsor of a generic version of mifepristone, is headquartered in Las Vegas[20] and accounts for approximately two-thirds of all mifepristone doses sold in the United States.[21] GenBioPro’s official label at the National Library of Medicine does not include the country of origin,[22] but a photograph of the label taken March 26, 2024, shows that the drugs were manufactured in India.[23] Similarly, a new U.S. sponsor of another mifepristone generic, Evita Solutions LLC, lists Roanoke, Virginia on its drug packaging with the National Library of Medicine, but does not include the country of origin.[24] Other photographs of the packaging are not yet available online. Both Danco and GenBioPro use P.O. Box numbers for their official addresses, while the publicly available address for Evita Solutions[25] is the Glen Allen, Virginia location of its registered agent, CT Corporation System.[26]
International Online Abortion Centers
Over the past decade, the abortion organization Aid Access has been a major source of international abortion drugs. Although Aid Access is now U.S.-based, it originated as an international abortion center designed to make abortion drugs available in the U.S. Dutch physician and abortion advocate Rebecca Gomperts founded Aid Access in 2018 to sell abortion drugs to American women.[27] At first, Aid Access relied on European doctors who prescribed abortion pills to U.S.-based women.[28] Abortion drugs were then shipped from a pharmacy in India.[29] In 2019, the FDA sent Aid Access a warning letter demanding that the organization cease shipping unapproved abortion drugs to the U.S. Aid Access’ attorneys responded, arguing that the FDA lacked jurisdiction.[30] Aid Access then sued the FDA, claiming that its packages had been inappropriately seized at customs.[31] Ultimately, the Aid Access lawsuit was dismissed,[32] but the abortion organization continued shipping massive numbers of abortion drug doses into the United States. Currently, Aid Access states that all its prescriptions are written by U.S.-based clinicians and filled by U.S. pharmacies.[33] Aid Access markets abortion drugs to all 50 states, including pro-life states.[34] One study found that between July 2023 and September 2024, Aid Access mailed over 118,000 packs of abortion drugs, of which 84% were sent to pro-life states or states that place limits on mail-order abortion.[35]
Women on Web, also founded by Gomperts in 2005 to sell abortion drugs to women in locations where abortion is restricted,[36] began shipping abortion drugs to the United States as of July 2024.[37] The organization moved its base of operations to Canada from the Netherlands in 2016,[38] and Gomperts stepped down as executive director in 2021.[39] According to the Canadian regulatory authority Health Canada, Women on Web is not in violation of FDA regulations because it does not directly prescribe or dispense abortion drugs or provide direct medical services.[40] Instead, Women on Web’s executive director has described the organization as a “referral platform” that connects women seeking abortions with pharmacies.[41] The service no longer has a medical director or physicians in leadership roles; instead, the helpdesk provides guidance to customers with advice and support from physicians.[42] Customers fill out a basic online form with their health information. Requests are usually automatically approved, and an overseas pharmacy then ships the drugs directly to the woman.[43] Catholic Register notes that abortion drugs mailed by Women on Web are produced by the Indian company Synokem and brought to market by DKT India.[44] Women on Web has 180 countries in their system and receives 30 requests per day from the U.S.[45]
Another international online abortion center, Abortion Pills in Private,[46] was founded in March 2024 by a team that included U.S.-based advocates in response to limitations on abortion in the United States.[47] A spokesperson for the organization disclosed that abortion drugs are filled through a pharmacy in India,[48] while the abortion center’s address and phone number are in the United Arab Emirates.[49] Abortion Pills in Private has sold abortion drugs to 3,500 U.S. customers since March 2024.[50]
International Online Pharmacies
The boundaries between the different abortion-drug distribution models such as online pharmacies versus online abortion centers are not always well defined. In general, though, online pharmacies provide even less medical oversight than abortion centers offer. Plan C, an organization that maintains a comprehensive directory of sources of abortion drugs, currently lists eight international online pharmacies that ship abortion drugs to all 50 states,[51] and this list does not include many other online pharmacies that do not meet Plan C’s quality control criteria for inclusion in its database. According to the co-founder of Plan C, some pharmacies were founded by activists who wanted to make abortion drugs available online, while others were pre-existing or marketed other drugs in addition to mifepristone and misoprostol.[52] These pharmacies obtain abortion drugs from international manufacturers, primarily in India and Vietnam,[53] although a few claim to sell Mifeprex, which is manufactured by Danco in Spain. The pharmacies then ship the drugs to the U.S., either directly to the customer or to a U.S.-based contact who then mails them around the country.[54] As described by the New York Times, some pharmacies encourage U.S. contacts to purchase a bulk order of abortion drugs and then resell them for a profit as customers place orders.[55]
Information regarding the individuals involved in operating the online pharmacies, as well as pharmacy product descriptions, is sometimes confusing or unclear. For instance, one pharmacy links to a Pinterest account under the name Irina Weindorf, who is described as a “healthcare provider from New York,”[56] but there is no licensed New York clinician by that name.[57] Another pharmacy website, which was founded by an international charity formerly focused on Africa,[58] directs customers to a product page for a “period massager,” which it describes as a “disguise” for the abortion pills.[59] Rather than the listed product, the website assures customers that they will receive abortion drugs.
Of these eight online pharmacies listed by Plan C, none require any consultation before abortion drugs are mailed. One pharmacy says it requires a prescription, and another states that a prescription “may” be required, while six pharmacies do not require a prescription.[60] While some pharmacy websites claim to sell abortion drug brands that have been approved in the United States, the FDA requires pharmacies to be certified and accept a prescription from a certified prescriber before dispensing mifepristone. One online pharmacy received an FDA warning letter for making claims implying that its weight loss drugs were similar to FDA-approved products.[61] As of publication, there were no abortion-related warning letters on file for any of the eight pharmacy websites.[62]
Although Plan C states that it vets online pharmacies that are listed on its website and periodically adjusts its list, some of the abortion drug brands that are offered for sale by the eight pharmacies on Plan C’s list are not on the “quality assured” list maintained by the International Planned Parenthood Federation.[63] A 2017 review of abortion drugs sold by online pharmacies found that quality can vary widely, with 45% of packages arriving damaged and a quarter of the doses of misoprostol containing less than 50% of the correct amount of the active ingredient.[64]
Community Networks
“Community networks” that distribute abortion drugs around the country with no medical oversight also have an international component. These organizations consist of networks of volunteers who source abortion drugs from countries where they are cheaper and more easily attainable, including Mexico and India,[65] and then repackage and distribute them to customers. The community network model was developed out of Mexico and Central America, with one large network, Las Libres, beginning as an effort to legalize abortion in Latin America.[66] Las Libres obtained abortion drugs from pharmacies and other sources (sometimes including sympathetic doctors), distributed them to women, and offered to coach women through the abortion process.[67] After Dobbs, Las Libres introduced its model to the United States.[68] Although Las Libres has since ceased operations in the United States,[69] other community networks have sprung up to distribute abortion drugs around the country at little to no charge to recipients. Ms. Magazine reported that approximately 100 people participate in community networks around the country.[70] Currently, the community network Red State Access (also called AccessMA in some states) ships to 30 states and four U.S. territories,[71] while DASH ships to 13 states and Puerto Rico.[72]
There are significant risks associated with the distribution of abortion drugs via community networks. Large community networks place no gestational limits on how late in pregnancy abortion drugs may be ordered. Red State Access automatically assigns a companion to connect virtually with customers who are having abortions at 14 weeks of gestation or greater,[73] but there is no guarantee that medical help will be nearby if an emergency occurs. Furthermore, community networks allow customers to choose to receive either packaged drugs or loose pills, with loose pills being the default option.[74] Consequently, customers who receive unmarked pills may be unable to confirm whether they are even abortion drugs, and some customers have expressed concerns about drug quality.[75] Misoprostol’s quality breaks down when exposed to air and temperature variation,[76] with one study finding that when misoprostol’s packaging is opened and the drug is exposed to air, its potency begins degrading within two days.[77] This decreased efficacy can increase the risk of complications like incomplete abortion.[78]
In the months immediately after Dobbs, community networks were estimated to distribute over 3,000 doses of abortion drugs per month.[79] From August 2022 to September 2024, Red State Access distributed 70,000 doses of abortion drugs.[80]
Conclusion
The massive number of doses of abortion drugs being shipped into the United States from international sources, largely in violation of U.S. laws and regulations, places unborn babies at risk and endangers American women. The lack of medical oversight and potentially subpar drug quality increase the physical risks associated with drug-induced abortion. Furthermore, the broad availability of these drugs to all buyers increases the risk of forced and coerced abortion; in 2020, a New York woman was arrested after importing abortion drugs from India and selling them to a man who used them to attempt to force an abortion on his girlfriend.[81]
Around the country, many states have prohibited abortion-by-mail and enacted protections to ensure that women receive in-person medical oversight.[82] Some states, including Texas and Louisiana, have initiated legal action against American doctors who have shipped abortion drugs across state lines in violation of their laws.[83] However, states have limited options for stopping the flow of abortion drugs from international sources or for ensuring that the overseas manufacturing facilities of U.S. drug sponsors are properly inspected and maintained. To prevent international abortion drug shipments from entering the United States and harming American babies and women, federal enforcement is needed.
Tessa Cox is senior research associate at Charlotte Lozier Institute.
[1] Rachel K. Jones, Amy Friedrich-Karnik. “Medication abortion accounted for 63% of all US abortions in 2023—an increase from 53% in 2020.” Guttmacher Institute. March 19, 2024. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.guttmacher.org/2024/03/medication-abortion-accounted-63-all-us-abortions-2023-increase-53-2020
[2] Ingrid Skop, “Chemical abortion: risks posed by changes in supervision,” Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons 27, no. 2 (2022): 56-61. https://lozierinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/AAPS-Journal-Chemical-abortion-risks-posed-by-changes-in-supervision.pdf
[3] “Unapproved drugs.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. May 9, 2024. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/enforcement-activities-fda/unapproved-drugs
[4] “Importing human drugs.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. October 9, 2024. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/industry/importing-fda-regulated-products/importing-human-drugs
[5] “Entry review.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 28, 2025. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/industry/fda-import-process/entry-review
[6] “Human drug imports.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. September 21, 2023. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/guidance-compliance-regulatory-information/human-drug-imports
[7] “Investigational New Drug (IND) Application.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. September 16, 2025. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/types-applications/investigational-new-drug-ind-application
[8] Carole Novielli. “Secrecy surrounds generic abortion pill manufacturer Evita Solutions.” Live Action. October 14, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.liveaction.org/news/abortion-pill-generic-secrets-evita-solutions
[9] “Information about Mifepristone for Medical Termination of Pregnancy Through Ten Weeks Gestation.”
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. January 17, 2025. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/information-about-mifepristone-medical-termination-pregnancy-through-ten-weeks-gestation
[10] Id.
[11] Id.
[12] “REMS Compliance Program.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 19, 2025. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/risk-evaluation-and-mitigation-strategies-rems/rems-compliance-program
[13] “Abortion drug facts: state action.” Charlotte Lozier Institute. July 15, 2025. Accessed January 8, 2026. https://lozierinstitute.org/abortion-drug-facts/#state-action
[14] James L. Sawyer. “Agree to disagree: FDA and customs origin and drug labeling requirements.” Lexology. February 7, 2013. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=30655d5c-adf4-4557-b603-95446c2a5196
[15] 21 CFR 201.1(j). See: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-201
[16] See: Mifeprex Prescriber Agreement Form. Danco Laboratories, LLC. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.earlyoptionpill.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/DAN_Presc_Agreement_1.2023.pdf
[17] Jay Hooker, Walt Bogdanich. “Tainted cancer drugs linked to Chinese maker of abortion pill.” New York Times. January 31, 2008. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/31/business/worldbusiness/31iht-pharma.1.9638908.html
[18] Jennifer Haberkorn, Josh Gerstein. “Abortion pill manufacturer to pay $765K to U.S. to settle suit over incorrect labeling.” Politico. April 17, 2023. Accessed January 7, 2026. https://www.politico.com/news/2023/04/17/abortion-pill-manufacturer-settlement-00092448
[19] DailyMed. Label: MIFEPREX- mifepristone tablet. National Library of Medicine. Updated March 12, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=61626f72-7469-6f6e-4953-6d7572646572&audience=consumer
[20] See: Prescribing Information. GenBioPro, Inc. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://genbiopro.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/genbiopro-prescribing-information.pdf
[21] Supreme Court of the United States. Reply in support of application for stay. No. 22A902. Food and Drug Administration, et al. Applicants v. Alliance For Hippocratic Medicine, et al. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22A902/263892/20230418232614640_FINAL%20Alliance%20SCOTUS%20Reply.pdf
[22] DailyMed. Label: MIFEPRISTONE tablet. National Library of Medicine. Updated July 2, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b63fad9b-7f12-4400-9019-b0586054e534&audience=consumer
[23] See photo included in: Alejandra O’Connell-Domenech. “Abortion pill maker enters legal battle over FDA rules.” The Hill. February 26, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/5165569-abortion-pill-maker-court-battle-fda/
[24] DailyMed. Label: MIFEPRISTONE tablet. National Library of Medicine. Updated October 8, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=839d7a7d-de19-42bd-8810-132b3c2a5daf&audience=consumer
[25] “Evita Solutions LLC.” Dun & Bradstreet. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.evita_solutions_llc.49e37a6a969015ed0b7b75c2b0cbfc63.html
[26] See: “CT Corporation Service of Process Locations.” Wolters Kluwer. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/ct-corporation/sop-locations
[27] “About us.” Aid Access. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://aidaccess.org/en/about-us
[28] Spencer Kimball. “Women in states that ban abortion will still be able to get abortion pills online from overseas.” June 27, 2022. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/27/women-in-states-that-ban-abortion-will-still-be-able-to-get-abortion-pills-online-from-overseas.html
[29] Id.
[30] Hearn Law. RE: Warning Letter to Aidaccess.org and Dr. Rebecca Gomperts dated March 8, 2019. May 16, 2019. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://aidaccess.org/en/media/inline/2024/12/23/19_05_16_gomperts_letter_and_exhibit_a.pdf?auth_replay_token=pbonOpFePydw0Zb2WKWD&is_http_request=true
[31] Gomperts v. Azar. United States District Court for the District of Idaho. Verified complaint. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/6390359-Access-Aid-Verified-Complaint-With-Exhibits/
[32] Gomperts v. Azar. United States District Court for the District of Idaho. Case No. 1:19-cv-00345-DCN . https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/mailedabortionpills.pdf
[33] Aid Access. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://aidaccess.org/en/
[34] Id.
[35] Abigail R. A. Aiken, James G. Scott, Rebecca Gomperts, “Provision of Abortion Medications Using Online Asynchronous Telemedicine Under Shield Laws in the US,” JAMA 334, no. 15 (2025): 1388-1390, doi:10.1001/jama.2025.11420.
[36] “About Women on Web.” Women on Web. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.womenonweb.org/en/women-on-web/
[37] Hannah Alberga. “Abortion pill access requests surge from U.S., Canadian non-profit says.” CBC. The Canadian Press. November 27, 2024. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/abortion-pill-women-on-web-1.7394490
[38] Anna Farrow. “Health Canada finds no wrong in online abortion pill.” The Catholic Register. April 16, 2024. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.catholicregister.org/item/281-health-canada-finds-no-wrong-in-online-abortion-pill
[39] “PRESS RELEASE: Online Abortion Service Women on Web Welcomes New Executive Director.” Women on Web. May 25, 2021. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.womenonweb.org/en/news/press-release-online-abortion-service-women-on-web-welcomes-new-executive-director/
[40] Anna Farrow. “Health Canada finds no wrong in online abortion pill.” The Catholic Register. April 16, 2024. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.catholicregister.org/item/281-health-canada-finds-no-wrong-in-online-abortion-pill
[41] Carrie N. Baker. “International telehealth provider ‘Women on Web’ vows to keep abortion pills flowing to the U.S., no matter what.” Ms. Magazine. November 17, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://msmagazine.com/2025/11/17/abortion-pills-usa-women-on-web-fda-trump-rfk/
[42] Id.
[43] Id.
[44] Hannah Alberga. “Abortion pill access requests surge from U.S., Canadian non-profit says.” CBC. The Canadian Press. November 27, 2024. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/abortion-pill-women-on-web-1.7394490
[45] Carrie N. Baker. “International telehealth provider ‘Women on Web’ vows to keep abortion pills flowing to the U.S., no matter what.” Ms. Magazine. November 17, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://msmagazine.com/2025/11/17/abortion-pills-usa-women-on-web-fda-trump-rfk/
[46] Abortion Pills in Private. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.abortionpillsinprivate.com/
[47] Carrie N. Baker. “International telehealth provider ‘Abortion Pills in Private’ ready to ramp up if FDA restricts mifepristone.” Ms. Magazine. December 8, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://msmagazine.com/2025/12/08/abortion-pills-international-usa-fda-mifepristone-texas-ban/
[48] Id.
[49] “Contact us.” Abortion Pills in Private. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.abortionpillsinprivate.com/contact-us/
[50] Carrie N. Baker. “International telehealth provider ‘Abortion Pills in Private’ ready to ramp up if FDA restricts mifepristone.” Ms. Magazine. December 8, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://msmagazine.com/2025/12/08/abortion-pills-international-usa-fda-mifepristone-texas-ban/
[51] See: “Abortion pill providers in Alabama.” Plan C. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.plancpills.org/abortion-pill/alabama#Websites%20that%20sell%20pills
[52] Carrie N. Baker. “Abortion pills are now *free* in states with abortion bans, through community support networks.” Ms. Magazine. July 18, 2023. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://msmagazine.com/2023/07/18/free-cheap-abortion-pills/
[53] Morgan Meaker. “Abortion pill demand is driving an underground network.” WIRED. July 18, 2022. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.wired.com/story/the-wild-abortion-pill-supply-chain/
[54] Id.
[55] Allison McCann. “Inside the online market for overseas abortion pills.” New York Times. April 14, 2023. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/04/13/us/abortion-pill-order-online-mifepristone.html
[56] Irina Weindorf. Pinterest. Accessed January 8, 2026. https://id.pinterest.com/abortionprivacy/
[57] “Verification search.” New York State Education Department Office of the Professions. Accessed January 8, 2026. https://eservices.nysed.gov/professions/verification-search
[58] Carrie N. Baker. “Abortion pills are now *free* in states with abortion bans, through community support networks.” Ms. Magazine. July 18, 2023. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://msmagazine.com/2023/07/18/free-cheap-abortion-pills/
[59] Private Emma. Accessed January 8, 2026. https://forms.clickup.com/9002041521/f/8c90g5h-245/EP2LNASJ9JSTDC4UKZ
[60] CLI review of pharmacy websites accessed via plancpills.org.
[61] “Warning letter: ybycmeds.” Food and Drug Administration. September 9, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026.
[62] See: “Warning Letters.” Food and Drug Administration. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/compliance-actions-and-activities/warning-letters
[63] IPPF. “Explore the data.” Medical Abortion Commodities Database. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://medab.org/search
[64] Charles A. Donovan, Donna Harrison. “Rewire’s reckless push for mail-order Mifeprex.” Charlotte Lozier Institute. December 1, 2017. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://lozierinstitute.org/rewires-reckless-push-for-mail-order-mifeprex/
[65] David S. Cohen, Greer Donley, Rachel Rebouché. “Abortion pills.” Stan. L. Rev. 76 (2024): 317-402. https://review.law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/Cohen-76-Stan.-L.-Rev.-317.pdf
[66] Marta Martínez, Liana Simstrom. “How a network of women in Latin America transformed safe, self-managed abortions.” NPR. June 8, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.npr.org/2025/06/08/g-s1-68729/latin-america-abortion-activism
[67] Id.
[68] Ciara Nugent. “This Mexican activist is helping Americans defy abortion bans.” Time. March 2, 2023. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://time.com/6259106/veronica-cruz-sanchez-2/
[69] “Las Libres.” ineedana.com. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.ineedana.com/telehealth/las-libres-recT5kG74ReSUMsLx
[70] Carrie N. Baker. “‘Mife no matter what’: community abortion providers pledge to continue sharing free abortion pills, even if FDA imposes restrictions.” Ms. Magazine. November 4, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://msmagazine.com/2025/11/04/free-abortion-pills-mifepristone-ban-states/
[71] https://www.redstateaccess.com/
[72] CLI review of data from plancpills.org.
[73] Red State Access. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.redstateaccess.com/. See also Plan C, https://www.plancpills.org/abortion-pill/north-carolina#Community%20networks.
[74] Red State Access. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.redstateaccess.com/
[75] “Red state access scam?” r/abortion. Reddit. January 29, 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.reddit.com/r/abortion/comments/1id1hq1/red_state_access_scam/
[76] “Misoprostol product quality.” Ipas. Updated September 15, 2022. Accessed January 6, 2026.
https://www.ipas.org/clinical-update/english/general-recommendations/misoprostol-product-quality/
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